Britain suffered its first ever sovereign ratings downgrade from a major agency on Friday,，after Moody’s stripped the country of its coveted top-notch triple-A rating,，dealing a major blow to finance minister George Osborne.
穆迪(國際信用評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu))周五(22日)剝奪了令人羨慕的3A評(píng)級(jí)，英國主權(quán)債務(wù)評(píng)級(jí)首次被一家主流評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)降級(jí),，這對(duì)財(cái)政大臣喬治·奧斯本來說是一擊重拳,。(路透)
穆迪將英國主權(quán)債務(wù)評(píng)級(jí)由原最高級(jí)3A下調(diào)至AA1,，評(píng)級(jí)展望定為“穩(wěn)定”。穆迪在聲明中稱,，英國國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻,，預(yù)計(jì)其蕭條狀態(tài)將延續(xù)到2015年以后，這對(duì)英國政府的財(cái)政緊縮政策構(gòu)成壓力,；此外,，降級(jí)的另一個(gè)理由是英國政府債務(wù)仍在增加，將很難在2016年之前完成減赤目標(biāo),。統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,，截至去年底，英國主權(quán)債務(wù)規(guī)模相當(dāng)于國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的68%,。
Britain now joins the United States and France in having lost its triple-A rating from at least one major agency,，having held the top-notch rating from Moody’s and S&P since 1978，and from Fitch Ratings since 1994.
早在1978年,，英國就從穆迪和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾那里獲得了主權(quán)債務(wù)頂級(jí)評(píng)級(jí),，從1994年至今，惠譽(yù)也給予其最高評(píng)級(jí),，但從現(xiàn)在開始,，英國算是加入了美、法兩國的降級(jí)陣線,，它們都至少被三大評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)中的一家剝奪了頂級(jí)信用評(píng)級(jí),。(路透)
兩年前的8月5日，國際評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)標(biāo)普將美國長(zhǎng)期主權(quán)信用評(píng)級(jí)由“AAA”降至“AA+”,，評(píng)級(jí)展望負(fù)面,。這是美國歷史上首次失去AAA主權(quán)信用評(píng)級(jí)。2012年,，標(biāo)普,、穆迪先后拿走了法國主權(quán)信用最高評(píng)級(jí)。目前,，標(biāo)普與惠譽(yù)仍給予英國最高評(píng)級(jí),，但對(duì)英國的評(píng)級(jí)展望均為負(fù)面，今年他們將評(píng)估英國評(píng)級(jí),。
Chancellor George Osborne said the decision was“a stark reminder of the debt problems facing our country”. He added,，“We will go on delivering the plan that has cut the deficit by a quarter.”
財(cái)政大臣喬治·奧斯本稱，(穆迪)這一決定就債務(wù)問題給了英國一次當(dāng)頭棒喝,，他說：“我們將在今后一個(gè)季度中繼續(xù)推進(jìn)削減財(cái)政赤字的計(jì)劃”,。
為削減債務(wù)，英國政府從2008年就著手削減開支，并打算到2015年把公共開支削減500億英鎊(約合757億美元),。去年底,，奧斯本公布了秋季財(cái)政報(bào)告，規(guī)定將繼續(xù)采取削減開支和增加稅收等措施,，將財(cái)政緊縮政策延續(xù)到2018年,。面對(duì)緊縮政策無益于經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇、政府應(yīng)考慮改弦更張的提議,，奧斯本表示,，還將貫徹現(xiàn)行財(cái)政緊縮政策。
Balls said the decision by Moody’s showed that chancellor was running out of credibility.George Osborne said keeping the credit rating was the key goal of his economic policy. And bizarrely his response tonight suggests he is not reflecting on why things have gone so badly wrong,，but using this downgrade as one more reason to plough on with his failing plan-regardless of the damaging impact on struggling families and businesses. The issue is no longer whether this chancellor can admit his mistakes but whether the prime minister can now see that,，with UK economic policy so badly downgraded in every sense，things have got to change.
鮑爾斯(英國工黨影子財(cái)政大臣)稱,，穆迪的降級(jí)決定意味著財(cái)政大臣(奧斯本)已經(jīng)丟掉了信用,。“喬治·奧斯本曾說,，確保英國的信用評(píng)級(jí)是其經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的核心目標(biāo)”,，鮑爾斯稱，“但今晚其怪誕的回應(yīng)顯示出他并沒有反思事情如何糟糕到如此地步,，反而把這次降級(jí)事件當(dāng)成進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)問題方案的另一個(gè)借口,，根本沒有考慮該事件對(duì)掙扎中的家庭和商業(yè)所產(chǎn)生的破壞性沖擊”。(英國《衛(wèi)報(bào)》)
有分析稱,，主權(quán)債務(wù)評(píng)級(jí)下調(diào)無疑將增加人們對(duì)相關(guān)政策的質(zhì)疑,，加劇英國朝野圍繞經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇途徑的爭(zhēng)論。此消息若導(dǎo)致英國國債收益率上升,，對(duì)深陷新舊債務(wù)中的英國政府而言無異于雪上加霜,。
(王龍?jiān)?編譯)